I can definitely share some insights on how hormone testing is used in diagnosing PCOS. When doctors suspect PCOS, they often look at several key hormones. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are usually the first on the list. In many cases of PCOS, the LH to FSH ratio is higher than normal, often noted as greater than 2:1, which can indicate a hormone imbalance that affects ovulation.
Testosterone levels are also commonly tested since women with PCOS often have higher levels of androgens, which are male hormones that can lead to symptoms like hair growth in unusual places or acne. It's not just testosterone, but they might check for other androgens like androstenedione as well.
Blood tests for these hormones are often done at specific times during the menstrual cycle for the most accurate results. Typically, the early follicular phase (days 2-5 of the menstrual cycle) is recommended for hormone level testing. This timing helps provide a clearer baseline understanding of the body's hormone production without the influence of the luteal phase’s natural fluctuations.
Besides these, doctors might check other hormone levels, including insulin, given the common link between PCOS and insulin resistance. Also, measurements of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and sometimes thyroid hormones might be considered to ensure a comprehensive assessment, especially since other conditions can mimic PCOS symptoms.
For accurate and reliable diagnosis, alongside hormone tests, an ultrasound might be performed to examine the ovaries and check for the presence of cysts. This balanced approach ensures any diagnosis considers all possible factors and symptoms.
If you're exploring your symptoms, it might be helpful to keep a detailed record of your menstrual cycle and any associated symptoms, which can be valuable during consultations with healthcare professionals. For further reading, the guidelines published by the Endocrine Society and organizations like the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists can offer more detailed information on the diagnosis and management of PCOS.